Reflexology

Definition of Reflexology

What is Reflexology

Reflexology is a type of alternative therapy that involves applying pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears in order to promote relaxation and healing throughout the body. 

Reflexology is known as “zone therapy" because it is based on the theory that different points on the feet, lower leg, hands, face, or ears correspond with different organs and systems of the body. 

These “reflex areas" points are energetically connected to other organs and body parts through energy channels in the body. 

The main principle behind reflexology is that different areas of the feet are linked to specific body parts, and pressure applied to one area can have an effect on the corresponding organ. 

By applying pressure to these points, a reflexologist can promote relaxation and healing in the related body area.

By using finger pressure and techniques - such as kneading and rubbing - on these points and areas, a reflexology session will work on organs and systems throughout your entire body, enabling you to relax, relieve stress and release tension.

To illustrate how the body systems correspond to one another, reflexologists use reflexology "maps". These maps show the relationships between different areas of the feet and specific organs and body parts.

By using these maps and applying pressure to the corresponding reflex areas, reflexologists aim to remove energy blockages and promote overall health and well-being.

What Reflexology is not
Reflexology isn't a foot massage
  • Reflexology is a unique practice that aims to promote healing in corresponding organs by applying pressure to specific areas of the feet, hands, and ears. Unlike a foot massage, which focuses on manipulating muscles and soft tissues to improve circulation, relieve pain, and induce relaxation, reflexology applies constant pressure to targeted areas to create a response throughout the body.
  • Reflexologists use micromovement techniques like thumb or finger walking, deep pressure through the arch of the foot, soft kneading through the ball of the foot, or other unique techniques that may involve the use of rubber bands, balls, or sticks.
  • Massage therapy focuses on manipulating specific muscle groups or fascia to release tension, whereas reflexologists see themselves as working "from the inside out," stimulating the nervous system to release tension. Reflexology treatments are guided by a reflexology foot chart or hand map and aim to promote a healing response in the corresponding organs by applying pressure in the right way to the right areas.
While a foot massage may feel similar to a reflexology treatment, reflexology is much more focused on applying targeted pressure to specific areas of the feet, hands, and ears to promote a healing response in corresponding organs. 

Reflexologists use unique techniques and tools to achieve their goals, and they see themselves as working from the inside out to stimulate the nervous system to release tension.
Reflexology isn't acupuncture or acupressure
  • Reflexology is a unique therapy that involves the manipulation of reflex points on the body to stimulate the body's natural healing process. Although it shares some similarities with acupuncture and acupressure, reflexology is not the same as these other therapies.
  • One key difference is that reflexology uses reflex points that are specifically located on the feet, hands, and outer ears. These reflex points are arranged in an orderly manner that resembles the shape of the human body. On the other hand, acupressure involves the use of over 800 reflex points that are located along energy lines called meridians that run throughout the entire body.
  • While both reflexology and acupressure are considered "reflex" therapies that work with points on one part of the body to affect other parts of the body, the points used in each therapy are not always the same. Acupuncture, for example, uses points all over the body and is not limited to the reflex points used in reflexology.
While reflexology, acupuncture, and acupressure all involve the manipulation of points on the body to influence health and wellness, they are distinct therapies that use different points and techniques.

It is important to understand these differences to fully appreciate the benefits of each therapy.
Reflexology isn't a substitute to medical treatment
  • It’s important to understand that reflexology is not a replacement for medical treatment. Rather, it is a complementary approach that can be used alongside traditional care.
  • Reflexologists do not diagnose or treat illnesses, and should not be relied upon as the sole source of treatment.
If you are experiencing physical pain, it is essential that you consult with a healthcare professional and have your symptoms properly examined.

Only then can you determine the best course of action to address your condition.
Fun fact

Did you know that your feet are made up of 52 bones, which is a quarter of all the bones in your body? 

What's more interesting is that when we are born, these bones are mostly made up of cartilage and only fully harden by the time we reach 21 years old.
Apart from bones, each foot contains 33 joints, 19 muscles, 10 tendons, and 107 ligaments.
It's incredible to think about the complexity of the human foot!
It's no wonder why our feet are so sensitive. In fact, the feet have approximately 8,000 nerves per square centimeter, which is more than any other place on our body. 

So, the next time you wiggle your toes, remember just how amazing your feet really are!

Origin & history

Roots of Reflexology

Reflexology has its roots in Egypt and China dating back approximately 5000 years. In Egypt, the tomb of Ankhmahor in Saqqara features a wall painting, believed to be one of the earliest depictions of reflexology.
However, it is uncertain whether the image is of reflexology or simply massage. Nonetheless, this suggests that the practice of reflexology was prevalent in ancient Egypt.

refelxology in ancient egypt

Chinese medicine employs reflexology to balance 'qi' or energy by stimulating pressure points on the feet and hands. This practice was developed around 3000 years ago, where Asian practitioners massaged the hands and feet to promote health by stimulating organs, nerve endings, and energy pathways.

Apart from China and Egypt, many cultures across the world have used foot massage to promote health and wellbeing. For instance, American Indians have traditionally massaged the feet to restore balance to the body, mind, and spirit. 

Development in the West

The exact origins of the practice in Europe are still debated among historians and practitioners.
However, there are suggestions that various forms of foot pressure were used for therapeutic purposes in Europe during the Middle Ages. 

While these early records of foot pressure as a therapeutic tool may not have been as systematic or scientific as modern reflexology, they provide evidence of a long history of using foot pressure to promote health and wellness in Europe.

There are, however, names that are universally associated with the development of reflexology in the West.

Dr William Fitzgerald (1872-1942)

Dr. William Fitzgerald is often credited with being the founder of reflexology, as he was one of the first Western physicians to develop the concept of zone therapy in the early 20th century.

He was an American ear, nose and throat physician, and made groundbreaking contributions to the field of pain relief.

He discovered that by applying pressure to a specific area of the body, it could have a numbing effect on another part of the body away from the pressure site. This led him to develop the concept of zone therapy, which he introduced in 1915.

Dr Fitzgerald further explored this concept by dividing the body into ten vertical zones that extended the length of the body, from the head to the feet.
He found that applying pressure to a zone that corresponded to the location of an injury could provide pain relief during minor surgeries. 
Dr Fitzgerald believed that reflex areas on the feet and hands were linked to other areas and organs of the body within the same zone and that pressure applied to specific points on the hands and feet could have therapeutic effects on corresponding areas of the body.

This mapping of the body into zones serves as the basis of reflexology as we know it today.

Dr Shelby Riley (1856 -1947)

Dr. Shelby Riley built upon the work of Dr. Fitzgerald. However, rather than focusing on vertical zones, Dr. Riley developed horizontal zones across the body and identified specific reflex points on the feet and hands.

Additionally, he proposed pressure points on the outer ear, which could be used in reflexology treatments.

Dr. Riley's work in reflexology has been invaluable in expanding the knowledge and practice of this alternative therapy.
His maps of reflex points on the feet, hands, and outer ear have allowed reflexologists to focus on specific areas of the body and apply pressure with greater precision. By doing so, they can relieve pain, reduce stress, and promote healing in their clients.

Eunice Ingram (1889–1974)

Eunice Ingham, an American physiotherapist, made significant contributions to the field of reflexology in the 1930s.

Ingham developed the zone theory into modern reflexology, believing that congestion or tension in any part of the foot corresponded to specific areas of the body.
She found that treating the feet was the most effective way to access the rest of the body, as each of the ten zones ended in the feet and the feet were more sensitive to acupressure than the hands.

Ingham also created foot maps and reflexology charts that are still in use today, introducing reflexology practices to the non-medical community during her research with zone therapy's pressure points.
Her method involved dividing the base of the feet into three transverse zones to help map the body. The base of the toes represented the shoulder line, the narrowest part of the foot represented the waistline, and the heel represented the pelvic line.

Overall, Eunice Ingham was instrumental in the development of modern reflexology, revolutionizing the way that practitioners understand and treat the body through the feet.

Ingham's approach to reflexology is widely recognized and has been adopted by practitioners around the world. She wrote several books on the subject, including "Stories the Feet Can Tell" and "Stories the Feet Have Told," which are still used as reference works by reflexologists today. Ingham's contribution to the field of reflexology has helped to promote the use of natural healing methods and has provided a framework for the development of other holistic health practices.

Her foot maps and reflexology charts remain essential tools in the practice of reflexology today.

Latest developments

Dr. Paul Nogier recorded a reflex map of points on the outer ear in 1957. Nogier's work laid the foundation for the development of ear reflexology, which is now a significant part of the integrated approach to reflexology.

Following Nogier's work, Terry Oleson and William Flocco have also made significant contributions to the field of reflexology in the 80’s. They have expanded on Nogier's research and developed new techniques to help people manage pain and other health issues through reflexology.

In the 90’s, the field continued to evolve and develop in a number of ways. Some of the key developments in reflexology during this period include:

  • Standardization of reflexology techniques: Various organizations developed standardized techniques for reflexology to ensure that practitioners were providing consistent treatments and following a common set of guidelines.
  • Integration of reflexology into conventional medicine: As more research was conducted on the benefits of reflexology, it began to gain acceptance within the medical community. Some hospitals and clinics began to offer reflexology as a complementary therapy for certain conditions.
  • Development of new reflexology maps: Ingham's original reflexology maps were based on her observations and experiences with patients. However, over time, other practitioners developed their own maps based on different theories and approaches.
Overall, the field of reflexology has continued to grow and evolve since its introduction in the West.

As more research is conducted and more practitioners gain experience, it is likely that the techniques and approaches used in reflexology will continue to evolve in the years to come.
Reflexology today

Today, reflexology has become a popular alternative therapy and is widely recognized for its potential to alleviate pain, promote relaxation, and enhance overall well-being. 

One of the reasons for its increasing popularity is its non-invasive and natural approach to treatment. Unlike traditional medicine, reflexology does not require the use of drugs or chemicals, making it a safe option for many individuals.

Another factor contributing to the appeal of reflexology is its accessibility. It is relatively easy to learn the techniques and apply them oneself, making it possible to practice almost anywhere and at any time. 

Reflexology has come a long way and is now recognized as a valuable alternative therapy.

Its non-invasive and natural approach to pain relief, relaxation, and overall well-being makes it an appealing option for many individuals.
Fun fact

Have you ever wondered how many steps you take in a day? 

Well, the average person takes around 8,000 to 10,000 steps every day. That's 185,000 kms in a lifetime!
It's like going around the globe more than four times! 
But have you ever thought about how our feet affect our overall health? 
It turns out that foot problems can lead to lower back pain, headaches, indigestion, and even spine misalignment. 

So take care of your feet, because they carry you through life!

Reflexology basics

How messages are sent to our Central Nervous System

Reflexology is a therapy that involves applying pressure to specific reflex points on the feet, hands and ears. This pressure sends a soothing message to the central nervous system, which then signals the body to adjust its tension levels.

Nerve impulse theory, which explains how nerves transmit electrical signals or impulses throughout the body, is the scientific basis for the therapy. Nerve cells, also called neurons, communicate with each other through a process called synaptic transmission. When a neuron receives a signal, it generates an electrical impulse that travels along its length to the end of the neuron called the axon terminal. At the end of the axon, the electrical signal triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synaptic cleft to activate adjacent neurons or other cells such as muscles.

The nerve impulse theory plays a key role in reflexology because it helps explain how reflexology works at the cellular level. According to this theory, pressure applied to reflex points on the feet, hands, or ears stimulates the nerve endings in those areas, sending electrical impulses along the nerve fibers to the spinal cord and brain.
These impulses trigger a series of physiological responses from the extremities to the organs or muscles connected by the central nervous system, including the release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, and the release of muscle tension.

vibrations

For a better understanding of this fact, let us take the following example: Imagine as you want to pick a rose from your backyard, you prick yourself on a thorn. The bite information quickly reaches the brain, which immediately orders the removal of the hand. Likewise, in the foot, the reflex areas work as pressure sensors in such a way that when they are stimulated, the information goes to the brain, which in turn triggers a response in the corresponding body region.

Therefore, reflexology can promote general relaxation, improve the functioning of internal organs and their systems, and increase blood flow, bringing oxygen and nutrients to the cells and improving waste elimination. It can benefit the circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, immune and neuropeptide systems of the body.

Reflexology stimulates the nervous system by applying pressure to specific reflex points.
This sends a soothing message to the central nervous system, which adjusts tension levels and improves various body functions.
Reflexology can benefit many systems in the body and promote relaxation and overall well-being.

How we experience pain

Another theory that may also explain how reflexology can produce pain relief is the gate control theory. It was first developed by Dr. Ronald Melzack and then further expanded in the 1980s, through the neuromatrix theory of pain, which revolutionized pain management and the understanding of pain.

According to this theory, the way we experience pain can be influenced by the interplay of two types of nerve fibers in our spinal cord - A-delta fibers and C fibers. A-delta fibers convey rapid, piercing pain signals, whereas C fibers transmit slower, more subdued pain signals. These fibers' actions can either facilitate or inhibit the opening of a "gate" in the spinal cord that regulates pain signals.


The gate control theory of pain may play a role in the effectiveness of reflexology
.

By stimulating the nerve endings in the feet or hands, reflexology may activate A-beta fibers, which are large, fast-conducting nerve fibers that can block the transmission of pain signals from A-delta and C fibers. This may help to reduce the perception of pain and promote relaxation throughout the body.
Furthermore, pain is a subjective experience created by your brain. The painful sensation that is perceived and experienced isn't only driven by the sensory experience of pain. Pain signals can also be created independently in response to emotional or cognitive factors such as thoughts, attitudes, emotions, and feelings that surround the painful experience.

stones and flower

Positive thoughts, emotions, and memories about the painful experience or relaxation may help to close the gate between the spinal cord and brain, which may result in less pain perception. Conversely, worrisome or anxious thoughts, negative emotions or memories, or poor past experiences may make the gate open, and pain signals will be sent down from the brain.

Factors that influence the brain, such as your mood or external factors like stress can all make the gate open and affect your experience of pain.
Finding ways to avoid or limit these factors and closing the gate between the spinal cord and brain may help reduce pain.

Since the brain can create a pain response due to emotional factors, stress can send pain signals to the brain - regardless of any apparent cause of the pain - leading to tension and muscle stiffness.

incense and budha hand


As a result, soothing the body can alleviate mental tension, thereby reducing pain.


Reflexology aims to relieve this physical stress by also tending to the mind and spirit, helping mitigate emotional stress.


Reflexology helps offset the way the brain registers pain by inducing relaxation and improving mood, which may make one less inclined to perceive pain as deeply.

Understanding the complex interactions between biology, mood, and external factors like stress can help limit or avoid pain and promote overall well-being.

How our vital energy flows

One belief in alternative medicine is the concept of vital energy or life force present in the human body. This energy is known as Qi and flows through channels or meridians in the body.

The meridians are electromagnetic pathways running vertically up and down the body, and are similar to the zones in reflexology. According to Chinese medicine, there are 12 primary meridians in the body that are each associated with an organ system, such as the liver, heart, and lungs. 
They are named after the corresponding organ system they are associated with. For example, the Liver meridian runs from the big toe, up the inner leg, and ends at the ribcage.

body meridiansbody meridiansbody meridians

They supply the body's vital life force from nutritional intake, oxygen, and other sources. This energy is considered the root of life, nourishing the body and mind. 
The flow of Qi through the meridians affects the physical, emotional, and spiritual health of an individual. When there is an imbalance or blockage in the flow of Qi, it can result in various health problems. 
A healthy lifestyle maximizes Chi, while an unhealthy one depletes it, leading to imbalances and eventually disease.

The flow of energy along the meridians can become congested or blocked due to injury, illness, toxicity, or congestion. It is also affected by factors such as diet, exercise, breathing, posture, and stress. If this happens, the body may become unbalanced and unable to heal itself, leading to aches or illness.

Reflexology aims to remove these blockages and allow vital energy or Qi to flow freely through the body, promoting balance or homeostasis.

energy flow in the body

Reflexology works on the principle of stimulating specific areas on the foot, which correspond to different body parts, to improve the flow of energy to those areas, thereby restoring the balance and flow of Qi, and helping the body to heal itself. 

Therefore, according to the theory of vital energy, reflexology helps to maintain the flow of energy through the body, promoting balance, relaxation, and self-healing. 

Fun fact

Have you ever noticed that your feet are different from each other?

It's a common phenomenon that both of our feet aren't of the same size.  In fact, it's quite rare to find a person with feet that are identical in size. Each foot has its unique quirks and characteristics, which make it stand out from the other.

So, next time you're shoe shopping, don't be surprised if you have to pick two different sizes!

Reflexology maps

Before studying the reflexology charts, let’s explain more in detail the concept of zone therapy developed by Dr. William Fitzgerald in the early 20th century, as it still serves as the basis of reflexology as we know it today.

The Reflexology zones

Reflexology is a form of therapy based on zone theory, which postulates the existence of vertical pathways of energy running through the body. These pathways are referred to as zones and are similar to pinstripes that run from the toes to the head. 

Zone theory provides a framework for understanding how different parts of the body are interconnected and how pressure applied to specific zones can affect the corresponding organs and systems. Reflexology involves working with these zones and their associated points to establish relationships between different parts of the body. 

The 10 longitudinal zones

Zones serve as a means of connecting different parts of the body through a set of guidelines or markers. These guidelines consist of ten equal vertical zones that extend from the top of the body down to the feet. Each toe on the soles of our feet belongs to a particular zone. 

vertical zones front

Figure 1

Essentially, the body is partitioned into ten longitudinal zones that have a straightforward numbering sequence. Each zone travels through the body, separates into one of the arms, proceeds in a straight line down through the body, and then goes into the respective leg until it lines up with a specific toe.

Each toe falls into one zone, and there are five zones in each foot, with the big toe as zone one through the little toe, which is zone five. The fingers are also believed to correspond to the same zones as the toes.

The left foot is believed to correspond to the left side of the body and all organs, valves, etc. found there, while the right foot corresponds to the right side of the body and all organs found there. For instance, the liver is on the right side of the body, and its reflex area is located on the right foot.

vertical zones back

Figure 2


These zones are distributed up the body like slices, and by working on the feet, one can stimulate the whole human body. The principle behind reflexology is that energy runs up and down between all parts of the body within these zones.

By applying pressure to these areas, one can access and stimulate the corresponding body part. For instance, the eye point can be accessed by working between toes 2 and 3 or fingers 2 and 3. The pressure points and other body parts are thought to be connected via the nervous system.

Pressure applied to a specific zone on the foot can relieve pain in the corresponding part of the body that is linked to that area. Each foot corresponds to the organs and structures on its respective side of the body.

The meridians in the body connect each zone to its corresponding organ or body part. Any obstruction or interruption along these lines can interfere with the energy flow to that specific organ or body part, leading to potential malfunctioning.
If there is a block of the body’s natural energy, it will have an effect on any organ or part of the body that lies within that particular zone.

Understanding zone theory is important in treating and preventing illnesses, because disease and illness tends to run along these zones.

By applying pressure to specific points within a zone, the energy channel running through that zone is unblocked, allowing all the parts of the body to function in harmony.

left side of the reflex zone and corresponding organs

Table 2
‍‍The relationship of the right side of the reflex zone with its corresponding organs.

right side of the reflex zones and corresponding organs

Table 1
The relationship of the left side of the reflex zone with its corresponding organs.

The 3 transverse lines

In addition to the 10 longitudinal zones, 3 transverse lines were later introduced, dividing the body horizontally, and not only vertically.
These three transverse lines in the foot are known as the shoulder line, the diaphragm line, and the pelvic line. They divide the foot into 4 sections: the head and neck area, the chest area, the abdominal area, and the pelvic area. 

Let's see these areas more in detail :

Figure 3

the 3 longitudinal lines
  • The head and neck area corresponds to the shoulder line, which is located just below the toes. This area includes the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and throat. By applying pressure to the shoulder line, a practitioner can stimulate these areas of the body, relieving pain and promoting healing.
  • The chest area corresponds to the diaphragm line, which is located at the lower borders of the balls of the foot. This line corresponds to the diaphragm muscle, which separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
    The diaphragm is an important muscle for breathing, and by stimulating this line in reflexology, a practitioner can help to improve respiratory function and reduce stress and anxiety.
    This area includes the heart, lungs, and breasts. By applying pressure to the heart line, a practitioner can stimulate these areas of the body, relieving pain and promoting healing.
the 4 areas of the feet
  • The abdominal area corresponds to the waistline. This is the thinnest part of the foot, usually found towards its center.
    Parts of the foot correlated with the stomach are found above the waistline. Parts correlated with the intestines are found below.
  • The pelvic area corresponds to the pelvic line. This line is located at the base of the toes and marks the division between the abdominal and the pelvic areas. This line is also known as the sacral line, as it corresponds to the sacrum, a triangular bone located at the base of the spine. The sacrum is an important center for the nervous system, and by stimulating this line in reflexology, a practitioner can help to promote relaxation and reduce pain and tension in the lower back and hips.
Balancing the zones

During a reflexology session, the practitioner will examine the feet for any areas of sensitivity. These areas may indicate that there is an imbalance in the corresponding body zone. For example, if a person has conjunctivitis in their right eye, a reflexologist may suggest that there is an energy imbalance in the right kidney and other structures located in that zone.

The reflexes located on the feet are particularly effective because they are situated at the ends of the zones and are therefore more sensitive than other parts of the body. This sensitivity allows reflexologists to identify areas of imbalance and apply targeted pressure to these areas.

By applying pressure to these reflex zones, a practitioner can stimulate the flow of energy, blood, nutrients, and nerve impulses to the corresponding body zone. This can help to relieve any disorder in that zone and promote overall health and well-being.

The Reflexology charts

Reflexology charts map out various pressure points on the foot which are energetically connected to other areas in the body.

A reflexology foot chart can be defined as a map of your body, but projected onto your feet.

It illustrates the idea that every part of your body is connected and can be mapped onto specific areas of your feet.

The foot map shows the location of various reflex points on the feet, and how they relate to different parts of the body. The map is based on the principle that the left foot corresponds to the left side of the body, and the right foot corresponds to the right side of the body.

As we discussed earlier, the foot map is divided into zones, which run vertically through the feet, from the toes to the heels. Each zone corresponds to a different part of the body, such as the head, neck, spine, or digestive system.

Within each zone, there are specific reflex points that correspond to particular organs, glands, or other body parts.

For instance, the head is reflected in the tips of the toes, the heart and chest are represented around the ball of the foot, the arch of the foot corresponds to the liver, pancreas, and kidney, and the low back and intestines are towards the heel.

foot reflexology chart

By identifying these areas and applying pressure to them, the reflexologist can help to stimulate healing and balance in corresponding areas of the body :

  • The big toe corresponds to the head and brain, and massaging this area may help to relieve headaches or promote mental clarity.
  • The arch of the foot is associated with the digestive system, and working on this area may help to improve digestion and relieve stomach problems.
  • The heel is connected to the pelvic region, and stimulating this area may help to relieve menstrual cramps or lower back pain.
foot reflexology chart - medial and lateral sides

By working on these areas, a reflexologist aims to bring the body back to balance and promote optimal functioning. Stimulating the pressure points on the feet can improve blood and energy circulation, induce relaxation, and maintain homeostasis. 

Fun fact

Did you know that your feet are super strong? 

When you walk, each foot takes on 1.5 times your body weight. But when you pick up the pace and start running, your feet become even more powerful and can handle up to five times your weight! 

So, the next time you're out for a jog, take a moment to appreciate the incredible strength and resilience of your feet.

Reflexology Health benefits

Promoting well-being

Reflexology is a personalized therapy that considers both physical and non-physical factors that could impact an individual's overall well-being. It is an alternative therapy that aims to restore balance and equilibrium in the body, allowing the body to heal naturally. While the effects of reflexology differ from person to person, many people find it to be a relaxing and stress-relieving treatment.

The main goal of reflexology is to trigger the return of homeostasis in the body. Homeostasis is a state of balance and equilibrium where the body's systems are functioning properly. By reducing tension and inducing relaxation, the body can return to this state of balance, allowing every cell in the body to receive the nutrients and oxygen it needs to function normally.

Pressure on the reflex points helps to balance the nervous system and stimulate the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body. When endorphins are released, they can induce feelings of relaxation, reduce pain, and promote a general sense of wellbeing.

Reflexology is an alternative therapy that promotes self-care, and may be beneficial for people who are experiencing high levels of stress in their daily lives.

Reflexology is a form of complementary therapy that doesn't require any invasive techniques. It's known to be effective in promoting overall relaxation and improving well-being. The therapy has the potential to reduce stress, which is a crucial factor in maintaining good health and developing resilience.

Reflexology can be beneficial in restoring balance and harmony in the body by releasing tension. It can facilitate a deep state of relaxation, calm emotions, and produce a serene mind. Research studies also support many of these benefits. Specific studies indicate that reflexology may reduce pain and anxiety.

Many people describe a profound sense of relaxation and increased energy following their reflexology session.

The therapy is also known to lower blood pressure, stimulate blood flow, provide cells and organs with more oxygen, and help the body get rid of toxins. Additionally, reflexology can help people sleep better, improving their overall quality of life.

Reflexology is a highly individualized therapy that is tailored to each person's unique needs.
While it may not work for everyone, it is an alternative therapy that offers relaxation and stress relief to many. 

Support in managing health conditions

By applying pressure to specific points on the feet corresponding to different organs and systems in the body, and by stimulating them, reflexology enhances the natural flow of energy within the body to support overall wellness.

Reflexology offers various benefits, such as:

  • Inducing relaxation and decreasing stress levels
  • Enhancing circulation
  • Aiding in homeostasis and detoxification
  • Revitalizing the body
  • Stimulating the immune system

It is important to note that reflexology is not a diagnostic or curative treatment for diseases.

It should not be used as a replacement for conventional medical treatments. Instead, it can be a valuable addition to a broader health and wellness strategy.

Many individuals use reflexology in conjunction with other treatments to achieve better health outcomes.

For example, in the case of cancer, reflexology can alleviate the undesirable effects of the treatment, such as anxiety, physical and immune weakness, and digestive disorders, among others.

Integrating reflexology into their current treatment plan enables individuals to attain better relaxation, alleviate stress levels, and enhance their sleep quality.
These benefits aid in managing their medical conditions effectively.

Many people have found that reflexology is particularly helpful to support them with :

  • Anxiety
  • Arthritis
  • Asthma
  • Back pain
  • Cardiovascular issues
  • Depression
  • Digestive disorders
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Insomnia
  • Kidney function
  • Menstrual disorders
  • Migraines
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Sinusitis
  • Sports injuries
  • Stress-related disorders

Reflexology has been found to have a variety of benefits for individuals seeking to reduce their stress levels and increase their energy levels.
The positive effects of reflexology extend further for those with specific health issues.

Scientific evidence

Numerous studies have shown that reflexology has a positive impact on various aspects of health and well-being, including quality of life, stress levels, and pain management. 

Recent research has explored the potential benefits of reflexology for a wide range of conditions, such as anxiety, insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. Studies have found that reflexology can reduce stress markers, such as cortisol, and may also lower blood pressure.

Reflexology is a promising complementary therapy that has demonstrated positive effects on various aspects of health and well-being.
As research continues to explore its potential benefits, reflexology may become an increasingly popular treatment option for a range of health conditions.

Here are some scientific studies that have investigated the effectiveness of reflexology in the treatment of various medical conditions:

  1. Pain management: Several studies have suggested that reflexology may be effective in reducing pain, including pain associated with conditions such as cancer, fibromyalgia, and diabetes. For example, a meta-analysis published in Integr Cancer Ther.  found that reflexology was effective for the relief of cancer pain, especially for surgery-related pain among patients with cancer. (6)
  2. Anxiety and depression: Some studies have suggested that reflexology could effectively relieve depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. For example, a  Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials published in the Journal Evid Based Complement Alternat Med found that reflexology reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality in adults.(7)
  3. Menstrual cycle related conditions : Reflexology has been studied as a potential treatment for conditions such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). A review of several studies published in BioPsychosoc Med. found that reflexology may be effective in reducing symptoms of PMS.(8)

Finally, here is a compilation of some of the research conducted on reflexology collected by the Reflexology Association of Canada :

https://www.reflexologycanada.org/en/reflexology-research/
While these studies suggest that reflexology may be effective in treating certain medical conditions, it is important to note that the evidence is still limited.
More research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

It is also important to consult with a healthcare professional before using reflexology as a treatment for any medical condition.
Contraindications

Although generally considered safe, foot reflexology has some contraindications to be aware of before undergoing a session. 

These contraindications include:

  • Any chronic condition or disease that affects the feet or legs such as osteoarthritis, circulatory problems, gallstones, kidney stones, diabetes, or certain types of cancer.
  • Foot infections or contagious skin conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis or chicken pox.
  • Having open wounds or sores on the feet.
  • Large varicose veins.
  • Localized inflammation, swelling of the feet.
  • Peripheral neuropathy or decreased sensation in the feet.
  • Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester). In general, caution should be exercised during pregnancy because of reports that stimulation may cause contractions.
  • Recent foot fractures or sprains. Patients with foot fractures, unhealed wounds, or active gout in the foot should avoid reflexology.
  • Severe vascular disease or deep vein thrombosis. Since reflexology improves circulation, it could potentially cause a clot to move towards the heart or brain.

It's important to keep in mind that these contraindications may vary depending on the individual and their specific medical history. 

Consulting with a healthcare provider is always recommended to determine whether foot reflexology is safe for you, especially if you have any medical conditions or concerns.
Fun fact

Did you know that your feet are like magical sponges that expand throughout the day? 

It's true! By the time the day comes to an end, your feet have been hard at work supporting your body weight, walking you from one place to another, and enduring the pressure of your shoes. All of this activity causes your feet to swell, making them the largest they will be all day. 

So next time you slip off your shoes after a long day, take a moment to appreciate the incredible job your feet do, and the fascinating fact that they literally grow throughout the day!

Your Reflexology session

What is a Reflexology session like?
Beginning of the session

At the beginning of a reflexology session, we will have a short discussion to determine your needs and goals for the treatment. I will ask you questions about your health, diet, lifestyle, and any health conditions you may have. This is also the time to ask any questions you may have. I will then conduct a brief health history to ensure that reflexology is appropriate for you.

During the session

A typical treatment is 30 to 60 minutes long.

During the session, I will ask you to remove your shoes and socks and sit comfortably on a chair or massage table. You will be remaining fully clothed except for your shoes and socks. Make sure to wear something comfortable so you can better relax. I will wash your feet and soak them in warm water, then position them at my chest level.

I will assess your feet for any wounds, rashes, or sores and use brisk movements and massages to warm the feet.

After this initial assessment and warming-up, the treatment will begin with a variety of hand techniques including rotating thumb, thumb pressure, thumb slip, and all-fingers swipe. These techniques will be applied to your feet with mild to moderate pressure based on your individual needs. 

During the session, if any pain, congestion or tightness is detected, I will apply pressure to those areas to help bring balance to the body. The entire session will cover all of the points on both feet, not just the ones related to any specific concerns you may have.

The aim is to address internal organs, glands, muscle groups, bones, and nerves by promoting the release of nerve pathways and congestion, which ultimately encourages relaxation throughout the body. Lastly, I will revisit any problematic areas at the end of the session to ensure that the pain has been alleviated.

End of the session

After the session is complete, we will discuss your experience and I will recommend that you drink water, rest if necessary, and pay attention to your body's response in the next few hours. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact me. 

reflexology session 2reflexology session 3reflexology session 1
What might you feel during the session?

During a foot reflexology session, you may experience different sensations depending on your body's response. 

Many people feel deeply relaxed and may even fall asleep, while others may experience a rush of emotions as energy moves through their body. 

I will apply firm pressure to your feet, and if you feel any discomfort, it's essential to let me know so I can adjust the pressure to suit your comfort level.

Some areas of your feet may feel tender or sore, and I may have to spend more time on these points to relieve the discomfort.
You may feel areas of transient discomfort during the treatment, but generally the experience should be relaxing.

reflexology session 4

Overall, reflexology should not cause tension in your body, but rather should help you move towards a more relaxed state. Some people may feel a sense of "opening" or tingling in their body as the energy flows, while others may feel warmth or a physical perception of energy flowing through their organs, glands, muscles, and body systems. 

Although everyone's experience may differ, most people feel calm and relaxed after a reflexology session, and any discomfort should be temporary. Occasionally, some people may experience side effects such as nausea, sleepiness, or mood swings.

What does it mean if Reflexology hurts?

When certain reflex points on your feet are congested, they may feel tender, uncomfortable or even painful during a foot reflexology session.

I may spend more time working on these points to alleviate the congestion. As the pressure is applied, the soreness should gradually decrease over time. Since there are about 7,000 nerve endings in your feet, it is normal to experience some discomfort when pressure is applied during the session, but this should only be temporary. 

I will adjust the pressure to minimize any pain, tightness, or discomfort you may feel during the session, and to help bring your body back into balance.

It is important to communicate with me if you experience significant discomfort, as reflexology should not be an excessively painful experience.

What might you feel after the session?
purple flowers

After a reflexology session, patients may experience a range of reactions that are often subtle and may go unnoticed.

These reactions are generally positive signs that the body is in the process of healing and attempting to regain balance and harmony.

The symptoms typically last for 24-48 hours.


While most people experience a sense of relaxation and well-being after one or two treatments, some may feel lethargic, nauseous, or tearful. You should know that these reactions are part of the healing process and are transitory.

The effects of reflexology treatment can vary from person to person, but common responses include :

  • Better sleep
  • Emotional or psychological release
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea for toxin cleansing
  • Headaches
  • Improved joint mobility
  • Increased energy
  • Increased mucus discharge
  • Pain relief
  • Skin rashes or spots due to toxin elimination

It's important to take it easy after a reflexology session and rest for an hour or so to get the most benefits.
Drinking plenty of water is also advisable to help eliminate toxins released during the treatment.

How often do you need to have Reflexology?

Foot reflexology sessions can be scheduled occasionally as a regular check-up or at a weekly frequency for a specific period, depending on your health and purpose of seeking reflexology. 

feet prints in the sand


Consistent sessions can lead to more noticeable and cumulative benefits than infrequent ones.

For instance, weekly reflexology sessions for six weeks may offer greater benefits than a single session every six months. In case of specific conditions or illnesses, you may require more frequent sessions. 

It is advisable to start with a weekly session for six to eight weeks followed by a "tune-up" every four weeks.

Fun fact

Did you know that your toenails are in a constant state of growth? 

They may not grow as quickly as your fingernails, only about 1 mm per month, but they still manage to grow an entirely new nail in 5-6 months. Interestingly, this slow growth rate is also the reason why toenails tend to be thicker than fingernails. With more time to accumulate and thicken, the cells in your toenails create a sturdier, more durable structure than the cells in your fingernails. 

So next time you're admiring your freshly painted toenails, take a moment to appreciate the slow but steady growth that makes them so strong and resilient.

What you can do

Self-care practices

It is crucial to understand the significance of the feet in our daily lives.

As a result of humans walking upright, the feet play a vital role in the human body, adapting to various terrains and providing us with support throughout the day, bearing the weight of our body - but are given rest only at night.

While some people may be born with certain conditions that affect their feet, modern habits and fashion trends are the leading cause of foot deformities.

Instead of prioritizing comfort and health, we wear shoes to keep up with fashion trends. This has resulted in a lack of relief provided by shoes, unlike the healthy times when we walked barefoot and felt the ground's relief. 


In the past, walking barefoot on natural terrain stimulated the reflex areas of the feet and internal organs, promoting good health.


Therefore, it is beneficial to incorporate self-care practices to compensate for the daily harm we cause to our feet and promote toxin release and foot health.

Walking barefoot

It allows us to feel the ground beneath our feet, producing a natural massage that promotes healthy blood flow and relaxation.

Massagers

The market offers a wide range of massagers, including manual, electric, and sophisticated ones. However, it is important to remember that nothing can replace the benefits of the human touch.

Hydrotherapy

The therapeutic use of water has a long history dating back to ancient times. Water temperature and its combination with other techniques such as aromatherapy or salt have various effects on the body.

Whatever is done to the feet can have a reflection on the body, so warm water can induce a relaxing effect while cold water can have a revitalizing effect. Sea salt, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is an important element in hydrotherapy.

Hydromassage

Hydromassage can be beneficial for relaxation, and some claim that it is especially effective before bedtime for restful sleep. Similar to hydrotherapy, the use of salt and aromas can enhance the desired effects

Aromatherapy
aromatherapy

The use of aromatic plants has been a millennial practice and is still widely used in massage and Reflexology.

Essential oils can be used in various applications such as foot baths or as an oil or cream. It is important to dilute the essential oil in a base oil or cream before use, and sea salt can be added to enhance its effects. The prepared mixture can be applied to the affected reflex areas.

Self-reflexology

Reflexology can easily be done at home with just a few simple steps. By spending just five minutes massaging the pressure points on your feet, you can receive benefits. 

  • To begin the self-reflexology session, find a comfortable position: Sit in a comfortable chair or lie down on a bed or sofa with a cushion under your head and a pillow under your knees. It's not necessary, but a foot cream or nourishing oil can help your fingers glide across the skin and soften any dry, calloused spots.
  • Prepare your feet: Before targeting specific points on the feet, try rotating your ankles to the right and left to relax the joints and relieve stiffness.
  • Locate the reflex points: Using a reflexology chart, locate the reflex points on your feet that correspond to the organs or systems you want to stimulate.
    Typically, the big toe corresponds to the head and neck, while the areas at the base of the toes correspond to the sinuses and chest.
    If you're unsure of where to start, there are special socks that have a map of all the pressure points to use as a guide.
  • Next, cross your foot over your knee and hold the ankle firmly. Place the thumb of your other hand on the sole of that foot. 
  • Apply pressure: Apply pressure to each reflex point using your thumb or index finger, starting with the big toe and moving downward.
    You can use different techniques, such as "walking" your thumb up from the base of the heel to each toe, applying pressure to each point, making circular motions, and then shuffling a small step forward.
    You can use make circular, back-and-forth, and up-and-down movements to stimulate the reflex points.

    Use a firm but gentle pressure, and hold for 30-60 seconds or until you feel a release of tension. Only apply as much pressure as feels comfortable to you so that it is enjoyable.
  • Finish with a thumb press on the foot's solar plexus point as it encourages profound relaxation and peacefulness.
  • End with "breeze strokes." Lightly run your fingertips down the tops, bottoms, and sides of each foot in a feathery motion, barely touching the skin. Repeat this several times to soothe the nerves.
  • Finally, repeat the routine on your other foot.
While a reflexology treatment and self-care practices can help in boosting the internal healing response of your body, it's crucial to understand that a holistic approach to wellness is necessary to achieve optimal health outcomes. 

By adopting healthy lifestyle habits, you can enhance your body's ability to heal itself.

This requires addressing various aspects of your lifestyle, such as reducing stress levels whenever possible and eating healthy to provide the body with enough energy to function properly.
Fun fact

Did you know that the Achilles tendon, often referred to as our "soft spot," is actually the strongest tendon in the human body?

This remarkable tendon connects the muscles in our lower leg to the heel bone, playing a vital role in our ability to walk and run with ease.

So, the next time you take a step or go for a jog, remember to thank your powerful Achilles tendon for its unwavering strength and resilience!

Sources
  • Figure 1: Zone Therapy By William H. Fitzgerald, Edwin F. Bowers, George S. White (1994)
  • Figure 2: Zone Therapy By William H. Fitzgerald, Edwin F. Bowers, George S. White (1994)
  • Table 1: J. Minckler - Energy Balancing Zone Therapy (2014)
  • Table 2: J. Minckler - Energy Balancing Zone Therapy (2014)
  • Figure 3: J Tradit Complement Med. 2015 Oct; 5(4) - Revisiting reflexology: Concept, evidence, current practice, and practitioner training.
  • Lee SH, Kim JY, Yeo S, Kim SH, Lim S. Meta-Analysis of Massage Therapy on Cancer Pain. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015 Jul;14(4):297-304. doi: 10.1177/1534735415572885. Epub 2015 Mar 17. PMID: 25784669.
  • Wang WL, Hung HY, Chen YR, Chen KH, Yang SN, Chu CM, Chan YY. Effect of Foot Reflexology Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Sep 15;2020:2654353. doi: 10.1155/2020/2654353. PMID: 33014101; PMCID: PMC7512096.
  • Hasanpour M, Mohammadi MM, Shareinia H. Effects of reflexology on premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biopsychosoc Med. 2019 Oct 24;13:25. doi: 10.1186/s13030-019-0165-0. PMID: 31673284; PMCID: PMC6815051.
Disclaimer

The information and materials provided on this website are intended solely for educational and informative purposes. They should not be utilized for the diagnosis or treatment of any health issue or illness.
It is highly recommended to consult with a qualified medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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